General Characteristics Of Antimicrobials And Therapeutic...

General Characteristics of Antimicrobials The usefulness of antimicrobials can be measured using the therapeutic index. The therapeutic index is the ratio of the highest dose of the drug that is not toxic to the patient to the amount of drug required to produce the desired effect. A high therapeutic index indicates a drug will be well-tolerated by most people, but a low therapeutic index means a patient being treated with the drug should be carefully monitored for adverse effects. Antimicrobials are designed to have as large a therapeutic index as possible, often by exploiting differences between human and bacterial cells, such as the presence of a cell wall in some bacteria but in no human cells. This concept can also be described as selective toxicity meaning the drug kills or inhibits the microbes while damaging host cells as little as possible. Antimicrobials can most broadly be described as either bactericidal or bacteriostatic. Bactericidal agents cause disruption and death of microbial cells. The drugs generally act on the bacterial cell wall, cell membrane, or DNA. Bacteriostatic substances only stop the bacterium from replicating without killing it and typically affect the microbe’s ability to synthesize proteins. Finally, antimicrobials are often labeled as either narrow-spectrum or broad-spectrum. Broad-spectrum drugs are effective against a wide range of pathogens and can sometimes be used to treat infections that have not been definitely diagnosed.Show MoreRelatedThe Problem Of Antibiotic Resistance Is Becoming A Problem2837 Words   |  12 Pagescefixime enhanced the effect of warfarin as illustrated by the elevated INR of 5.6. Most emphasis is placed upon the main principles of pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics; we also briefly discussed antibiotic resistance and how bacteria develop characteristics enable them to evade antibiotics. 1. Define Unclear terms †¢ Warfarin: Warfarin inhibits the synthesis of vitamin K dependent clotting factors II, VII, IX and X and thus acts as an effective oral anticoagulant. It is given in a racemic mixtureRead MoreTurmeric Mouthwash4563 Words   |  19 PagesBotanical classification of turmeric * Description of turmeric * Parts used * Properties of turmeric * Internal use * External use * Use of essential oil * Safety precautions and warnings * Used in the following products * Herbal Index | | Botanical Classification Family | Zingiberaceae | Genus and specie | Curcuma longa, C. domestica | Other names Curcuma, Indian saffron, yellow ginger, haridra and Yu Jin. Description of the herb turmeric This is a perennialRead MoreOregano Disinfectant Spray3025 Words   |  13 Pagesprevent certain types of microorganisms that give risks to our health. This is just our first step in helping the society that we live in. 1.2 Objectives of the Study The study entitled â€Å"Oregano Disinfectant Spray† has the following objectives: General Objective: Develop a disinfectant spray out of oregano extract and test the effectiveness of the developed extract. Specific Objectives: * Determine if the produced disinfectant can kill bacteria. * Compare our findings to earlier researchesRead MoreSelf Medication Practices in a Rural Filipino Community21296 Words   |  86 PagesFamily Abstract Objectives: the purpose of the study was to assess the factors affecting prevalence of self- medication practices using commercial drugs of the Rural Filipino Family including its correlation and who among them experienced non therapeutic effect. Methods: This study was a descriptive cross- sectional question based study. The study was conducted in 3 rural, agricultural lands, municipality in three different provinces wherein 2 municipalities were accomplished around the RegionRead MoreCase Study About Pneumonia10478 Words   |  42 Pagesstatus. Blood cultures detect bacteremia. Blood, sputum, and urine samples for immunologic tests detect microbial agents. Laryngoscopy/bronchoscopy determines if airways are blocked by solid material. The treatment of pneumonia includes certain therapeutic and pharmacologic interventions. Oxygen therapy is used if patient has inadequate gas exchange. Avoid high oxygen concentrations in patients with COPD; use of high oxygen may worsen alveolar ventilation by removing the patient’s remaining ventilatorRead More‚Äà ºa Contemporary View on Health Care System in Bangladesh.‚Äà ¹14806 Words   |  60 Pagesnorthern and western regions have gone under considerable alterations in recent times. In the context of physiography, Bangladesh may be classified into three distinct regions: (a) floodplains, (b) terraces and (c) hills, each having distinguishing characteristics of its own. The physiography of the country has been divided into 24 sub-regions and 54 units. 2.3 Climate Bangladesh has a tropical monsoon-type climate, with a hot and rainy summer and a dry winter. January is the coolest month with temperatures